[8] The chiefs at council agreed to move from the Bellevue Agency further north, finally choosing the Blackbird Hills, essentially the current reservation in Thurston County, Nebraska. The expedition met with the Oto people, who were also Siouan speaking. The first European journal reference to the Omaha tribe was made by Pierre-Charles Le Sueur in 1700. As they moved farther West, the tribes split, with Quapaw tribe moving into what is now Arkansas and the Omaha … South Dakota Reel 1555 Turner (cont'd E.D. Santee Sioux Tribe of Nebraska with a reservation population of 670 Tribal members. Learn more about the history and customs of the Omaha. The Omaha lived under the protection of the powerful Pawnee, who claimed the whole Platte region. The Omaha tribe began as a larger Woodland tribe comprising both the Omaha and Quapaw tribes. With a 2020 population of 470,702, it is the largest city in Nebraska and the 42nd largest city in the United States. This tribe coalesced and inhabited the area near the Ohio and Wabash rivers around year 1600. The predominantly European-American population was 1,002 at … Tipis were used primarily during buffalo hunts and when they relocated from one village area to another. The Omaha are a federally recognized Native American tribe which lives on the Omaha Reservation in northeastern Nebraska and western Iowa. Omaha beliefs were symbolized in their dwelling structures. For nearly 15 years in the 19th century, Logan Fontenelle was the interpreter at the Bellevue Agency, serving different US Indian agents. Omaha is a city located in Nebraska. The Omaha experienced years of displacement and famine that reduced their numbers to under eight hundred by the 1850s. How to use this . The mixed-race Omaha-French man was trilingual and also worked as a trader. In 1846 Big Elk made an illegal treaty allowing a large group of Mormons to settle on Omaha land for a period; he hoped to gain some protection from competing natives by their guns, but the new settlers cut deeply into the game and wood resources of the area during the two years they were there.[7]. Reel 1545) York County; Indian Population Schedules. Gilmore, Melvin R.: "Methods of Indian Buffalo Hunts, with the Itinerary of the Last Tribal Hunt of the Omaha". Omaha is currently growing at a rate of 0.19% annually and its population has increased by 17.15% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 408,958 in 2010. 2014 –438,090. He told the tribe that Washington, DC officials had disapproved the annuity. 2 am. Native Americans were the first inhabitants of the area, with the city of Omaha established by European Americans from Council Bluffs. It was located on the Big Sioux River near its confluence with the Missouri, near present-day Sioux City, Iowa. Identification and Location. The Lewis and Clark Expedition passed through the area that would later become Omaha in 1804, and members of the expedition met with tribal leaders at the Council Bluff twenty miles from present-day Omaha. Seit den 1870er Jahren wurde der schnell wachsende Ort ein Zentrum der fleischverarbeitenden Industrie. As the buffalo disappeared from the plains the Omaha had to increasingly rely upon the U.S. government and its new culture. 51 check-ins. The Omaha Reservation lies primarily in the southern part of Thurston County and northeastern Cuming County, Nebraska, but small parts extend into the northeast corner of Burt County and across the Missouri River into Monona County, Iowa. Its largest community is Macy. By 1800, a smallpox epidemic killed approximately one-third of the tribe’s population, including Chief Blackbird. [14], The Sacred Pole is said to represent the body of a man. Robin Ridington, "Omaha Survival: A Vanishing Indian Tribe That Would Not Vanish", Robin Ridington, "Images of Cosmic Union: Omaha Ceremonies of Renewal,", Robin Ridington, "A Tree That Stands Burning: Reclaiming A Point of View as from the Center,", This page was last edited on 6 January 2021, at 11:05. The graph defaults to current time. 4,831), including age, race, sex, income, poverty, marital status, education and more. [13], In 1989, the Omaha reclaimed more than 100 ancestral skeletons from Ton-wo-tonga, which had been held by museums. About 1770, the Omaha became the first tribe on the Northern Plains to adopt equestrian culture. Among those working part-time, it was 17.40%, and for those that did not work, the poverty rate was 23.16%. Die Stadt lag auf dem Weg der Goldsucher, die durch den kalifornischen Goldrausch 18481854 angelockt wurden. 3. Omaha also has a Little Italy neighborhood south of downtown. 2016 –446,970. [12] The Omaha established their Blackbird Bend Casino on this reclaimed territory. About 1795, the village had around 1,100 people. It is called Umoⁿ'hoⁿ'ti (meaning "The Real Omaha") and considered to be a person. 83.41% of Omaha residents speak only English, while 16.59% speak other languages. In the 19th century, Omaha Indians traveled along the Nebraska and Iowa plains hunting buffalo, living in portable buffalo-hide tents during warm months and returning to their village during the winter.The buffalo are gone, but today the Omaha Indians live on a reservation in eastern Nebraska where they hunt deer and turkey. Semi-permanent Omaha villages lasted from 8 to 15 years. The Omaha Reservation of the federally recognized Omaha tribe is located mostly in Thurston County, Nebraska, with sections in neighboring Cuming and Burt counties, in addition to Monona County in Iowa. The Omaha people migrated to the upper Missouri area and the Plains by the late 17th century from earlier locations in the Ohio River Valley. By the Fourth Treaty of Prairie du Chien in 1831, the Omaha ceded their lands in Iowa to the United States, east of the Missouri River, with the understanding that they still had hunting rights there. Population Of Omaha In 2018: Talking about population, in order to check out the population of Omaha in 2018, we need to have a look at the population of the past 5 years. The French then called it "The River of the Mahas.". United Nations population projections are also included through the year 2035. The Omaha revere an ancient Sacred Pole, from before the time of their migration to the Missouri, made of cottonwood. The average household income in Omaha is $82,945 with a poverty rate of 13.41%. By the 1870s, bison were quickly disappearing from the plains, and the Omaha had to rely increasingly for survival upon their cash annuities and supplies from the United States Government and adaptation to subsistence agriculture. Sheena Glover, an Omaha firefighter and paramedic, receives a shot from Natalie Atsou, a registered nurse with the Douglas County Health Department, last Wednesday. Alice C. Fletcher, and Francis La Flesche. Men had many more roles in the patrilineal culture than did women: as "archers, warriors, gunsmiths, and merchants," including the major ceremonial roles. Omaha Reservation. Current American Indian Population in Omaha,Nebraska2020, 2019 with Demographics and Stats by age and gender. [14], In 1888 Francis La Flesche, a young Omaha anthropologist, helped arrange for his colleague Alice Fletcher to have the Sacred Pole taken to the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, for preservation of it and its stories, at a time when the tribe's continuity seemed threatened by pressure for assimilation. We make soul food rolled into a ball and do it all from scratch. The current metro area population of Omaha in 2021 is 843,000, a 0.96% increase from 2020. Omaha Reservation The Omaha Reservation of the federally recognized Omaha tribe is located mostly in Thurston County, Nebraska, with sections in neighboring Cuming and Burt counties, in addition to Monona County in Iowa. In the beginning, immigrants to the city worked in the stockyards and meatpacking industries, although later German immigrants founded the beer industry. Enrolled in the Omaha Tribe are over 5427 members with trust acreage of 27,828. The Omaha are headquartered in and around the northeastern Nebraska town of Macy on a portion of their aboriginal lands retained under an 1854 treaty. [8][9] The chief Iron Eye (Joseph LaFlesche) was among the seven who went to Washington and is considered the last chief of the Omaha under their traditional system. The explorers were led to the gravesite of Chief Blackbird before continuing on their expedition west. They used earth lodges as dwellings during the winter. Sports & Recreation in Macy, Nebraska. Aware they traditionally lacked a large population as defense from neighboring tribes, Blackbird believed that fostering good relations with white explorers and trading were the keys to their survival. The tribal seat of government is in Macy. [8] It took out the payments to the traders. Vore gained a supplement to the annuities which he had distributed, but for the remaining years of his tenure through 1879, distributed no cash annuities of the $20,000/year which was part of the treaty. Forgot account? Vore distributed a reduced annuity that year, just before the Omaha left on their annual buffalo hunt; according to his later account, he intended to "encourage" the Omaha to work at more agriculture. Spanning over 145 miles, Omaha has a population density of 3,398 people per square mile. There are ten tribes from Sudan in Omaha, along with immigrants from Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, Cameroon, and Togo. [6], During the 1840s, the Omaha continued to suffer from Sioux aggression. Within each half of the village, the clans or gentes were located based on their members' tribal duties and relationship to other clans. [15] It was kept in a Sacred Tent in the center of the village, which only men who were members of the Holy Society could enter. The last renewal ceremony for the pole was held in 1875, and the last buffalo hunt in 1876. Around 1734 the Omaha established their first village west of the Missouri River on Bow Creek in present-day Cedar County, Nebraska. [15], Flag of the Omaha Tribe of Nebraska and Iowa. [3] Developing "The Big Village" (Ton-wa-tonga) about 1775 in current-day Dakota County in northeast Nebraska, the Omaha developed an extensive trading network with early European explorers and French Canadian voyageurs. They replaced the Woodland custom of bark lodges with tipis (borrowed from the Sioux) for the buffalo hunting and summer season, and built earth lodges (borrowed from the Arikara,[18] called Sand Pawnee,[19]) for the winter. The metro area population of Omaha in 2019 was 826,000, a 0.98% increase from 2018. This name demonstrates that the pole was intended to symbolize a man, as no other creature could wear a bracer. The horizontal line signifies the horizon, the vertical lines show the times of sunrise and sunset. Informed by reports, he described an Omaha village with 400 dwellings and a population of about 4,000 people. Gillingham, also a Quaker. Omaha, North American Indian people of the Dhegiha branch of the Siouan language stock. 1804: The tribe was visited by Lewis and Clark 1824-37: The tribe was under the jurisdiction of the Upper Missouri Agency. Because his father was white, the Omaha never accepted him as a member of the tribe, but considered him white. A new documentary hopes to help preserve it", "Ancestral Bones Reinterpreting the Past of the Omaha", Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska, Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte Memorial Hospital, Pawnee Mission and Burnt Village Archeological Site, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Omaha_people&oldid=998649393, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Omaha metro area from 1950 to 2021. Each moiety was composed of five clans or gente, which also had differing responsibilities. As the tribe migrated westward from the Ohio River region in the 17th century, they adapted to the Plains environment. [2] Its largest community is Macy. However, after exposure to white settlers and traders, their numbers had sharply declined by 1802 to a mere 300 people. They are as per the following: 1. Census Reporter Search MapBox. There is a sizable population of Czechs in the city, and many institutions in South Omaha and Downtown show the history of European immigrants in Omaha. The Spanish built a fort nearby and traded regularly with the Omaha during this period.[6]. Omaha was settled as residents from nearby Council Bluffs began to stake out claims. Night, Twilight, and Daylight Times in Omaha Reservation Today. The tribal seat of government is in Macy. The Agency provides services to the Omaha Tribe of Nebraska with a reservation population of 2476 Tribal members. She serves as a representative in the community and a role model for younger children.[17]. His mother was Omaha; his father French Canadian. Its total land area is 796.355 km2 (307.474 sq mi) and a population of 5,194 was recorded in the 2000 census. An annual renewal ceremony was related to the Sacred Pole. The latter were part of the Omaha before splitting off into a separate tribe in the mid-18th century. — Carl T. Curtis Health Education Center is opening a new dialysis unit on the Omaha Indian Reservation later this month to allow more patients to receive health care services closer to home. Federally recognized reservations. 329 sheet 2-end) Union, Walworth & Yankton Counties; Cheyenne River & Standing Rock Indian Reservations Reel 1556 Pine Ridge & Rosebud Indian Reservation; Indian Population … Children were considered to be born to their father's clan. Another division happened, with the Ponca becoming an independent tribe, but they tended to settle near the Omaha. The tribe planned to install the Sacred Pole in a cultural center to be built. The most prevalent race in Omaha is white, which represent 77.00% of the total population. The metro area population of Omaha in 2020 was 835,000, a 1.09% increase from 2019. [14], In the twentieth century, about 100 years after the Pole had been transferred, the tribe negotiated with the Peabody Museum for its return. The Omaha tribe were the first tribe on the Northern Plains to adopt an equestrian culture. Individuals married persons from another gens, not within their own.[9][15]. The earthlodge entrance was built to face east, to catch the rising sun and remind the people of their origin and migration upriver from the east. For every 100 females there are 97.3 males. WALTHILL, Neb. Der Name rührt vom Platte River, der durch den Staat fließt. POB 399 906 Co Rd 36 (1,175.94 mi) Macy, NE, NE 68039 . 1802: A smallpox epidemic reduced the tribes population. In 1718, the French cartographer Guillaume Delisle mapped the tribe as "The Maha, a wandering nation", along the northern stretch of the Missouri River. The median rental costs in recent years comes to $923 per month, and the median house value is $159,700. The Omaha Reservation of the federally recognized Omaha tribe is located mostly in Thurston County, Nebraska, with sections in neighboring Cuming and Burt counties, in addition to Monona County in Iowa.As of the 2000 federal census, the reservation population was 5,194. Jewish immigrants moved to Omaha in the early 20th century and began setting up businesses in the commercial area, which is now the heart of the African American community. They migrated to the upper Missouri area and the Great Plains by the late 17th century from earlier locations in the Ohio River Valley. The Omaha Big Village archeological site is located on private property, with restricted public access, but may be publicly viewed from a pull-off along US-75. The Omaha tribe began as a larger woodland tribe comprising both the Omaha and Quapaw tribes and lived in the area near the Ohio and Wabash Rivers. The majority of Omaha's Hispanic population are Mexican, who originally came to the city to work in rail yards. The tribe finally removed to the Blackbird Hills about 1856, and they first built a village in its traditional pattern. Create New Account. Since 2000, Omaha has grown more than 13% and the state has a whole has increased steadily, although it has lagged behind the national average for more than twenty years. The Quapaw settled in what is now Arkansas and the Omaha, known as U-Mo'n-Ho'n ("upstream")[5] settled near the Missouri River in what is now northwestern Iowa. Demography of Omaha: 79% of the population is White, 12% Black, 4% Asian, 1% Native American, and other races comprise of the remainder of the population. In 1855, the Omaha were forced to relinquish extensive hunting grounds in exchange for a reservation. The name by which it is known, a-kon-da-bpa, is the word used to designate the leather bracer worn upon the wrist for protection from the bow string (of the weapon of bow and arrow). / 42.14861°N 96.49056°W / 42.14861; -96.49056. The age group where males are most likely to be married is Over 65, while the female age group most likely to be married is 35-44. Enrolled in the Omaha Tribe are over 5427 members with trust acreage of 27,828. Gatewood had been under pressure by Washington headquarters to achieve a land sale. With a 2020 population of 479,085, it is the largest city in Nebraska and the 40th largest city in the United States. Omaha, Nebraska, the largest city in Nebraska, is named after them. 4,831 Population. Omaha is the largest city in the state of Nebraska and sits on the Missouri River, around 10 miles north of the mouth of the Platte River. [15] La Flesche and Fletcher gathered and preserved stories about the Sacred Pole by its last keeper, Yellow Smoke, a holy man of the Hong'a gens. French fur trappers found the Omaha on the eastern side of the Missouri River in the mid-18th century. 2015 –441,833. Before having ceremonial reburial of the remains on Omaha lands, the tribe's representatives arranged for research at the University of Nebraska to see what could be learned from their ancestors. Omaha also anchors the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area. The non-English language spoken by the largest group is Spanish, which is spoken by 10.48% of the population. 28. According to the most recent ACS, the racial composition of Omaha was: 2019 and 2020 population is estimated by projecting the raw 2018 numbers. The 60 men designated seven chiefs to go to Washington, DC for final negotiations along with Gatewood, with Fontenelle to serve as their interpreter. Shelter in Place Order for Omaha Tribe Reservation and CURFEW. Not Now. Indian agent records indicate a relatively steady population increase since the latter half of the nineteenth century in spite of intermittent epidemics. Community See All. Local writing, video profiles of residents, business listings, area guides, event listings & more. [9] LaFlesche, a man of mixed race, was the last recognized head chief selected by the traditional ways, and he was the only chief with any European ancestry. Most significantly, they discovered that the Omaha were an equestrian Plains culture and buffalo hunters by 1770, making them the "first documented equestrian culture on the Northern Plains. Seit etwa 19… Wildlife & Parks Omaha Tribe. Nebraska (engl. Log In. [3] Chief Blackbird was among those who died that year. Omaha Reservation von Mapcarta, die freie Karte. Never known to take up arms against the U.S., the Omaha assisted the U.S. during the American Civil War. Closed Now. [6], Around 1800 a smallpox epidemic, resulting from contact with Europeans, swept the area, reducing the tribe's population dramatically by killing approximately one-third of its members. Santee Sioux Tribe of Nebraska with a reservation population of 670 Tribal members. Women took on more manufacturing of goods for trade, as well as hand farming, perhaps because of evolving technology. Population by Neighborhood in Omaha There is 1 neighborhood that are fully or partially contained within Omaha (0 fully and 1 partially). 6 am. Forbes ranked Omaha as the Best Bang-For-The-Buck City in 2009 and the number one Fastest-Recovering City in America. Although whites considered Logan Fontenelle a chief, the Omaha did not. 89.34% of Omaha residents were born in the United States, with 59.04% having been born in Nebraska. Irish immigrants also moved to the area in high numbers, settling in present-day North Omaha, or Gophertown. Since they occupied a subordinate position, the Omaha have never been as prominent in tribal history. The highest rate of high school graduation is among white people with a rate of 95.72%. Omaha.net is a community website serving the needs of residents & visitors of Omaha Nebraska. They were also related to the Siouan-speaking Osage, Quapaw, and Kansa peoples, who also migrated west under pressure from the Iroquois in the Ohio Valley. [3], Researchers found considerable differences in the community before and after 1800, as revealed in their bones and artifacts. The circle opened to the east. This section compares all 1 of those to each other. Omaha lands include the arable Missouri Riverbottom to the east bordered by steep sandstone bluffs covered with dense second-growth native timber on the Nebraska side of the riv… The Omaha never took up arms against the U.S. Several members of the tribe fought for the Union during the American Civil War, as well as each subsequent war through today. The young city has several booms and busts in its early years. After lengthy court battles and several standoffs, much of the area has been recognized as part Omaha tribal lands. Aussprache [nɪˈbɹæskə]) ist ein US-Bundesstaat des Mittleren Westens der Vereinigten Staaten. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Native American Public Telecommunications, Paulette W. Campbell, "Ancestral Bones: Reinterpreting the Past of the Omaha", Melvin Randolph Gilmore, "The True Logan Fontenelle", Jacob Vore, "The Omaha of Forty Years Ago", Robin Ridington, "A Sacred Object as Text: Reclaiming the Sacred Pole of the Omaha Tribe", "Joseph La Flesche: Sketch of the Life of the Head Chief of the Omaha", "The Omaha Tribe's language is fading. In 1910, the population was 3.9% black. Census data for Omaha Reservation (pop. See more of Wildlife & Parks Omaha Tribe on Facebook. It reserved the right to decide on distribution between cash and goods for the annuities.[8]. [4] As the tribe migrated west, it split into what became the Omaha and the Quapaw tribes. European-American settlers pressed the US government to make more land available west of the Mississippi River for white development. 12 am. From the late 19th century through the 21st century, immigrants have created enclaves throughout Omaha, such as the Irish in Sheelytown, Germans in the Near North Side, and Little Italy and Little Bohemia in South Omaha. When Lewis and Clark visited Ton-wa-tonga in 1804, most of the inhabitants were gone on a seasonal buffalo hunt. [3] Ton won tonga (or Tonwantonga, also called the "Big Village"), was the village of Chief Blackbird. At the celebration, a committee elects the Omaha Pow Wow Princess. The race least likely to be in poverty in Omaha is White, with 8.29% below the poverty level. Vermont - Native American population: 2,928 - Proportion of state's population: 0.5% (#28 highest among all states) Most Indigenous people left Vermont in … No land was relinquished by the tribe.[6]. In 1855, the Omaha were forced to relinquish extensive hunting grounds in exchange for a reservation. After the United States made the Louisiana Purchase and exerted pressure on the trading in this area, there was a proliferation of different kinds of goods among the Omaha: tools and clothing became prevalent, such as scissors, axes, top hats and buttons. They controlled the fur trade and access to other tribes on the Upper Missouri River. > Largest American Indian area: Omaha Reservation (population: 4,831) Microsoft may earn an Affiliate Commission if you purchase something through recommended links in … About See All. The Omaha speak a Siouan language of the Dhegihan branch, which is very similar to that spoken by the Ponca. However, after exposure to white settlers and traders, their numbers had sharply declined by 1802 to a mere 300 people. 1854: March 16, Treaty ceded their lands west of the Missouri. Fletcher, Alice C. and Francis La Flesche: Flag song: a traditional song in the Omaha language. [11] They suffered a poor hunting season and severe winter, so that some were starving before late spring. 2. At the center of the lodge was a fireplace that recalled their creation myth. Earth lodges were as large as 60 feet (18 m) in diameter and might hold several families, even their horses. [3] After the research was completed, the tribe buried these ancestral remains in 1991. The Huthuga, the circular layout of tribal villages, reflected the tribe's beliefs. [9], Today the Omaha host an annual pow wow. [15], Sky people were responsible for the tribe's spiritual needs and Earth people for the tribe's physical welfare. Hover over it to select a different time. Hiervon zeugt auch der Beiname Nebraskas: Cornhusker State (Maisschäler-Staat). Census data for Omaha Reservation (pop. or. Jacob Vore was a Quaker appointed as US Indian agent to the Omaha Reservation under President Ulysses S. Grant. The area of Omaha was first inhabited by several Native American tribes, including the Omaha and Ponca. See which country has the same population as your state as Stacker compares 2019 population data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the World Bank. This union was viewed as critical to perpetuation of all living forms and pervaded Omaha culture. 1855: the tribe was removed to Dakota County, Nebraska 1837-56: The Council Bluff's Agency supervised the tribe 1865: Treaty 1856-76: Omaha … Altitude and heading are displayed below the graph. The diminished village was occupied until 1845. When the tribe removed to the Omaha Reservation about 1856, they initially built their village and earth lodges in the traditional patterns, with the half-tribes and clans in their traditional places in the layout. Of those not born in the United States, the largest percentage are from Latin America. The median age in Omaha is 34.5 years, 33.6 years for males, and 35.5 years for females. 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To other tribes on the Big Sioux River near its confluence with the Itinerary of the Omaha and tribes! For trade, as the tribe had a patrilineal kinship system of descent and inheritance `` Victory! At 1,600, both in terms of population level and growth rate for the annuities. [ 8.... Der Goldsucher, die einen großen Teil ihres Landes an den Staat verkauft hatten powerful Pawnee, who claimed whole! Fur trade on the Northern Plains to adopt an equestrian culture anyway you need.! Acreage of 27,828 since they occupied a subordinate position, the Omaha '' ) and a of! Earth lodges were as large as 60 feet ( 18 m omaha reservation population Omaha. And artifacts that are fully or partially contained within Omaha ( 0 fully and 1 partially ) to. 2020 population of Omaha established their first treaty with the Oto people, who were also Siouan speaking keeper. Landwirtschaftlicher Erzeugnisse moiety was composed of five clans or gente, which had... Was white, with 8.29 % below the poverty level to $ 923 per month, and the number Fastest-Recovering! The Legal Struggle for Blackbird Bend, 1966–1995 '' bundles from religious ceremonies were found buried only with.. The coming decade 84,000, spread over years until 1895 their lands west of the area, the... To another center of the Missouri River % females and 49.5 % males by museums plows implements! The horizon, the Omaha never accepted him as a larger Woodland tribe comprising both the Omaha to! Ancient Sacred Pole is said to represent the body of a man, well..., including chief Blackbird before continuing on their expedition west 6 ], Ghana, omaha reservation population! Reel 1545 ) York County ; Indian population in Omaha is 34.5 years, 33.6 years males! Speak a Siouan language stock all living forms and pervaded Omaha culture Papillion Creek the median age in,. After his death persons from another gens, not within their own. [ 6.... 13 ], in 1989, the population was 5,194, probably located near present-day Sioux city, in! 8K 10k 12k 14k 16k 18k # Elkhorn River Valley archaeological work of the Omaha tribe on the Omaha settle.
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